Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 1925-1938

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-03

Heat Stress in Vegetables: Impacts and Management Strategies - A Review

(Tekanan Haba pada Sayur-sayuran: Kesan dan Strategi Pengurusan - Suatu Ulasan)

YUSUF OPEYEMI OYEBAMIJI¹, NORAZIYAH ABD AZIZ SHAMSUDIN^1,2,3*, ASMUNI MOHD IKMAL¹ & MOHD RAFII YUSOP⁴

¹Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Seed Bank Unit, Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Centre for Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 16 Februari 2022/Diterima: 22 Jun 2023

Abstract

Global climate change has not only caused a significant rise in the average temperature around the world but has also threatened crop productivity and food security. Heat stress disrupts various plant physiological and biochemical processes, such as inhibition of growth and development, reduction of photosynthesis rate and nutrient uptake, consequently causing yield losses. The destructive effects of heat stress are expected to worsen in the coming years. Thus, it has become imperative to understand how vegetables respond and adapt to heat stress in order to improve their heat tolerance ability. Various approaches have been adopted to enhance heat stress tolerance in vegetables, including modifying cultural practices and crop improvements through several breeding methods. This review gives comprehensive and up-to-date information on the effects of heat stress on vegetables; and existing as well as emerging methods adopted to enhance heat tolerance in vegetables. It also provides a brief overview of a new method called speed breeding, which can be leveraged to fast-track the breeding process for developing heat stress-tolerant vegetables.

Keywords: Breeding method; environmental stress; food security; high temperature

Abstrak

Perubahan iklim global bukan sahaja menyebabkan kenaikan suhu purata yang signifikan di seluruh dunia tetapi juga telah mengancam produktiviti tanaman dan sekuriti makanan. Tekanan haba mengganggu pelbagai proses fisiologi dan biokimia pokok seperti perencatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, pengurangan kadar fotosintesis dan pengambilan nutrien yang akhirnya menyebabkan pengurangan hasil. Kesan kemusnahan disebabkan oleh tekanan haba dijangka akan lebih teruk pada tahun terkehadapan. Oleh itu, adalah penting untuk memahami bagaimana sayur-sayuran bertindak balas dan beradaptasi dengan tekanan haba untuk meningkatkan keupayaan toleransinya terhadap tekanan. Pelbagai pendekatan telah diambil bagi meningkatkan toleransi terhadap tekanan haba dalam sayur-sayuran termasuklah mengubah suai amalan penanaman dan menambah baik tanaman melalui pelbagai kaedah pembiakbakaan. Ulasan ini memberikan maklumat yang komprehensif dan terkini tentang kesan tekanan haba kepada sayur-sayuran dan kaedah sedia ada serta baharu yang diguna pakai untuk meningkatkan toleransi sayur-sayuran terhadap tekanan haba. Ulasan ini juga memberi gambaran ringkas tentang kaedah baharu yang dipanggil pembiakbakaan pantas yang boleh dimanfaatkan untuk mempercepat proses pembiakbakaan bagi menghasilkan sayur-sayuran yang toleran terhadap tekanan haba.

Kata kunci: Jaminan makanan; kaedah pembiakbakaan; suhu tinggi; tekanan persekitaran

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nora_aziz@ukm.edu.my